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Abstract: 

2024 marks the 40th anniversary of the commercialization of electronic monitoring for criminal justice clients. In 1984 Judge Jack Love of Arizona challenged an electronics engineer, Michael Goss, to develop a person-worn device based on a Spiderman comic. His success, and those of the early adopters of a technology that promised to transform alternatives to incarceration, endures in the thriving field of electronic monitoring as practiced in the 21st century. To mark this significant anniversary, The Journal of Offender Monitoring contributor Dennis Doffing look backs at some of the key milestones during his 35-year career—how the industry developed, key innovations, transformation points, influences, and where we are today.

Keywords: EM Technology and Innovation; Radio Frequency Monitoring; GPS Monitoring; Evolution of EM Applications

Affiliations:  1: New Options Collaborative.